The word “apostle” comes from the Greek apostolos, which literally means “one who is sent.” The Latin equivalent of this word is missio, from which we derive the English word “missionary.” Therefore, fundamentally, an apostle is simply a missionary.

In the New Testament, this term describes a function rather than a hierarchical status. It refers to those sent out to preach the gospel and establish churches. This group was not limited to a small circle but included individuals like Paul, Barnabas, and others such as Andronicus and Junia (Rom 16:7). They were “sent ones” commissioned to take the message of Christ to new regions.

Theological confusion often arises by equating the title “apostle” exclusively with the twelve. The distinctiveness of men like Peter, James, and John lay not solely in the title “apostle,” which they shared with many others, but in their identity as “The Twelve.” Jesus chose them specifically as men through whom He would build His church..

Their role was unique. They were the original eyewitnesses of Jesus’ earthly ministry and resurrection. Jesus promised this specific group that they would “sit on twelve thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel” (Matt 19:28). This office of “The Twelve” was unique, specific and closed (Rev 21:14). While the functional work of apostleship, as in a missionary, continues, the unique role of The Twelve does not.